GUAR GUM



Synonyms :
Guar flour, Jaguar gum

Biological Source
Guar gum is the powder of the endosperm of the seeds of Cyamopsistetragonolobus Linn, belonging to family Leguminosae.

Geographical Source

It has been grown for centuries in India and Pakistan, and was introduced in 1900 in the USA.lts commercial production was started in 1953.

Preparation

Guar gum is industrially manufactured from the white, well developed seeds that are freed from foreign matter. The seeds are put into a grinder to get bifurcated guar seeds. The seeds are separated into husk and Cotyledons containing embryo. The husk contains fibrous matter and the gum is located into endosperms. Guar seeds contain 14 - 17 per cent of hull, 35 - 40 per cent of endosperm and 45 - 50 per cent of germ. Cotyledons separated from the endosperm by winnowing and sifting fetch a very high price in the market as a cattle feed. The endosperms i.e. crude guar gum is pulverised by means of micropulverizer and grinding for 15 minutes.
The endosperm being harder is not affected by micropulverizer. The portion of Cotyledons adhering to the endosperm is soft and is converted into fine powder which is separated by sifting. The crude guar gum is now free of Cotyledons, the main impurity in the gum. The Crude guar gum thus separated is put into pulverizer and grinding is continued for 3 - 4 hours followed by sifting. This process is repeated about 5 to 6 times for several hours to give white coloured guar gum. Finally, it is sifted through sieves of 40 - 60 mesh to give granular and powdered gum. In India, about 15 units are producing guar gum on industrial scale.

Description
It is a colourless or pale yellowish-white coloured powder with characteristic odour and gummy taste. Guar gum swells rapidly in water with a translucent suspension. 0.5 per Cent aqueous Solution of gum is neutral to litmus.






Uses :

1.      About 1 per cent mucilage of guar gum possesses similar viscosity to that of mucilage of acacia and a 3 per cent mucilage is similar to mucilage of tragacanth.
2.       It has 5 - 8 times thickening power tetragonolobus plant than starch. It is used as a protective colloid, a binding and disintegrating agent, bulk laxative, appetite depressant and in peptic ulcer therapy.
3.       Guar gum is a good emulsifying agent. Industrially, his is used in paper manufacturing, printing, polishing, textiles and also in food and Cosmetic industries.
4.      It is extensively used as flocculent in ore-dressing and treatment of water.






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