Starch

                                                                Starch
Synonym
Amylum
Biological Source
Starch consists of polysaccharide granules obtained from the grains of maize (Zea mays Linn.), rice (Oryzasativa Linn.); or wheat (Triticumaestivum Linn.); belonging to family Gramineae or from SerchoCCurs{ the tubers of potato (Solanumtuberosum Linn.), family Solanaceae.
Geographical Source
Most of tropical, as well as, subtropical Countries prepare starch Commercially.
Preparation of Starch  Depending upon the raw material to be used for processing or type of the starch to be produced, different processes are used for the Commercial manufacture of starch.

Potato Starch
The potatoes are washed to remove the earthy matter. They are crushed or cut and converted into a slurry. Slurry is filtered to remove the cellular matter. As potatoes do not contain gluten, they are very easy to process further. After filtration, the milky slurry Containing starch is purified by Centrifugation and washing. Then, it is dried and sent to the market.

Rice Starch
The broken pieces of rice sequel polishing are used for processing. The pieces of rice are- granules which a Soaked in water with dilute sodium hydroxide solution (0.5 per cent), which causes softening and and 5 - 50 in dissolution of the gluten. After this, the soaked rice pieces are crushed and starchis purified by Centrifugation and washing. Then, it is dried and sent to the market.


Maize Starch (Corn Starch)

Maize grains are washed thoroughly with water to remove the adhered organic matter after
which they are softened by keeping in warm water for 2 - 3 days. Sufficient sulphur dioxide is in the centre or ty passed to the medium to prevent fermentation. The swollen kernels are passed through attrition mill 4. Potato S to break the grains, so as to separate the endosperm and outermost Coating of the grains. At this somewhat flatter point special attention is given to separate the germ (embryo). This is effected by addition of water, near the narrowe wherein germs float and are separated. The water which is used to soften the grains dissolves most of the minerals, soluble proteins and carbohydrates from the grains. The water, being rich in all contents, is used as a culture medium for the production of antibiotics like penicillin (corn liquor). The separated germs are used to prepare the germ oil by expression method and are own as corn oil. The oil contains fatty acids like inoleic and linolenic acids and vitamin E. It is ed commercially, for the preparation of soap. The starchy material contains gluten; most of this is emoved by simple sieving and then by washing. Starch being heavier, settles at the bottom and is lowed by gluten. Several treatments with Cold water wash the starch effectively, which is then ged or filter-pressed and finally, dried in flash dryers on a moving-belt dryer.

Wheat Starch
Wheat being the major article of food is restrictedly used for preparation of starch. In this process, the wheat flour is converted into dough and kept for a while. The gluten in the dough sells and the masses are taken to grooved rollers, wherein water is poured over them with Constant shaking The starchy liquid coming out of the rollers is processed Conveniently to take out the starch, his then dried and packed suitably.

Description

Starch occurs as fine powder or irregular, angular masses readily reducible to powder.
Colour                                     -           Rice and starch grains are white, while wheat is cream
coloured and potato is slightly yellowish.

Odour                                 -               Mucilaginous

Size and Shape          -           Starch grains vary depending upon the types .



Uses

1.      Starch is used as a nutritive, demulcent, protective and as an absorbent.
2.      Starch is used in the preparation of dusting talcum powder for application over the skin.
3.      It is used as antidote in iodine poisoning, as a disintegrating agent in pills and tablets, and as diluent in dry extracts of crude drug.
4.      It is a diagnostic aid in the identification of crude drugs.
5.      Glycerin of starch is used as an emollient and as a base for suppositories.
6.       Starch is also a starting material for the Commercial manufacture of liquid glucose, dextrose and dextrin.
7.      Starch is industrially used for the sizing of paper and cloth.





Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

LACTOSE

LACTOSE Synonyms Lactose has several Synomyms: Milk sugar, Lactose monohydrate, LactinSaccharumlactis, Lactosemonohydricum. Biological source Lactose is a natural disaccharide consisting of galactose and glucose and obtained from milk of most mammals. Uses 1.     Lactose is widely used as a filler or diluent in tablets, capsules, and infant feed formulae beside in dry powder inhalations 2.     It is used in Combination with sucrose to prepare sugar Coating Solutions (Approx. 1:3). .
Read more

GUM KARAYA

GUM KARAYA Synonym Indiantragacanth, Sterculia gum; Karaya gum Biological Source Gum karaya is a dried gummy exudate obtained from the tree Sterculiaurens (Roxburgh); Sterculiavillosa (Roxburgh), Sterculiatragacantha (Lindley) or other species of Sterculia (Sterculiaceae) Gęographical Source Surterculiaurens is wide spread in India, especially in north central parts. Description It is found in the form of irregular tears or vermiform pieces from white to brown in Colour. It has slight acetous odour and bland mucilaginous taste. Wood fibres and small sand particles may be present in the drug. It is insoluble in water, but forms a translucent Colloidal solution. Powdered gum swells in water . Uses 1.       It swells about 60-100 times in water. It is neither digested nor absorbed by the body and hence, it is a good bulk laxative. 2.        It is also used as denture adhesive in denta...
Read more

ACACIA

                                                                ACACIA Synonym : Gucacia, Gum arabica, Indian gum Biological Source : Indian gum is the dried gummy exudation obtained from the stem and branches of wild Acacia arabicabélonging to family Leguminosae. Geographical Source : The plant is found in India, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Morocco and Africa. In India, it occurs in Punjab, Rajasthan and Western Ghats. About 85 per cent of world supply of gum acacia is from Sudan. Cultivation and Collection   : It is a common member of dry monsoon forests of India. It Is an evergreen tree with short trunk . It is not cultivated on commercial scale. Gum is Collected from wild grown plants, agent...
Read more